Arizona 1070
Apr 30th 2010Bull MooseLaw School & RACISM!
Ah, politics. This week one side will be complaining about the other side distorting facts about a new law; the next week the side that was complaining will be promulgating distortions of their own about the other side’s bill.
I took a few minutes to actually read through the bill (PDF). There are some things I like about it, and some things I have questions about.
First, the thing I really like about it is that it punishes people who employ illegal immigrates. One of my main concerns in this debate is that these migrant Mexican workers are being horribly exploited. They are paid low wages, are not provided worker’s comp insurance, and often work in unsafe conditions. Second to that is that the employers are not paying into the SSI and Medicare system in a time when those programs could use the cash.
I think the preemption question is going to be interesting. That bill was written specifically to face that challenge. Arizona’s defense is going to be simple: How can a state law be preempted by a Federal law when they say the same thing? Just when we thought all the Federalism issues had been addressed after 221 years. Can the Feds order a state government not to enforce federal law when it involves the status of citizens within the state border? That will be a SCOTUS opinion I’m looking forward to.
Most of the distortions and hysteria involving this law are completely off the mark, though. Most of that arises from the misunderstanding (or, for all of the politicians who have been through law school, pretending to misunderstand) the term “reasonable suspicion.” “Reasonable suspicion” is a term of art in law and law enforcement. There is a huge body of case law about what constitutes “reasonable suspicion.”
I’ve heard a lot of talking heads going on about how this law will give Mexicans the same status as Jews in Nazi-occupied Poland. That simply isn’t the case. Law enforcement is well trained in what reasonable suspicion is. They have to be. Reasonable suspicion applies when making an arrest to every thing from misdemeanor drug possession to first degree murder.
Not only is the reasonable suspicion protection in place, but the law enforcement agent has to be in “lawful contact” with the suspect before they can act on a reasonable suspicion. “Lawful contact” is another term of art that is well hashed out in case law. It is well established that a person must identify themselves to a law enforcement officer during the course of lawful contact. And while citizens are not required to carry ID, legal immigrants are required to carry their green cards under federal law. (That is my other major question – are citizens going to be arrested because they don’t have a driver’s license if they are engaging in behavior that triggers reasonable suspicion but does not rise to the level of suspicion required for arrest otherwise? That might be a problem. )
So I will grant that there are going to be nuances for developing reasonable suspicion under this law that are going to have to be worked out in the Arizona state courts or the Federal courts. But that’s what happens in the common law system whenever a new area of law comes along.
UPDATE:
The fact that the meaning of “reasonable” will not be obvious in many contexts does not make the law obviously too vague to stand. The Bill of Rights — the Fourth Amendment — proscribes “unreasonable searches and seizures.” What “reasonable” means in practice is still being refined by case law — as is that amendment’s stipulation that no warrants shall be issued “but upon probable cause.” There has also been careful case-by-case refinement of the familiar and indispensable concept of “reasonable suspicion.”













